This research report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development explores the multifaceted nature of teaching, describing it as a combination of science, art, and craft. It identifies 20 teaching practices that support five core goals of high-quality instruction: fostering cognitive engagement, building strong subject knowledge, offering social and emotional support, promoting effective classroom management, and using formative assessment and feedback to guide learning. Based on data from more than 150 schools across 40 countries, the report examines the real-world challenges teachers face when applying these practices in diverse classroom settings. It also underscores the importance of school leadership and supportive environments in sustaining effective teaching. The report aims to improve learning outcomes through strategies grounded in research and classroom experience.