This brief from WestEd emphasizes the critical role of early math knowledge in shaping a child’s academic future. It highlights that many young learners—especially those from low-income families—lack the foundational preparation needed for success in mathematics. The brief identifies three key factors driving this gap: underdeveloped early math curricula, limited instructional time devoted to early math, and insufficient family understanding and resources to support math learning at home. To address these challenges, WestEd recommends implementing research-based, developmentally appropriate math curricula; strengthening early childhood educators’ skills in effective math instruction; and actively involving families in supporting children’s math development. The brief offers practical examples for implementing each strategy and provides access to WestEd’s resources to help preparation programs improve their early math instruction.