This open-access book published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization establishes a global reference for the knowledge, skills, and values teachers need to engage responsibly with artificial intelligence in education. The framework identifies 15 competencies across five key dimensions: cultivating a human-centered mindset, understanding the ethics of AI, developing foundational knowledge and applications, applying AI in pedagogy, and using AI for professional learning. It introduces a progression model with three stages—acquire, deepen, and create—designed to help teachers build from basic AI literacy to advanced and innovative practice. The framework emphasizes guiding principles such as inclusivity, cultural and linguistic diversity, equity, sustainability, and teacher agency. By situating AI within broader educational goals, it encourages thoughtful, ethical, and effective integration into teaching and learning. Educators, policymakers, and preparation programs may find it useful for shaping curriculum, designing professional learning opportunities, and creating assessment tools aligned with evolving AI capacities.