This research brief from the California Center for School Climate defines school climate, identifies its domains, provides a framework for identifying strategies and practices, and provides recommendations for assessing school climate. The authors show that school climate is created through the domains of belonging and connectedness (relationships, school connection and engagement, student agency, and engaging educational partners), safety and wellness (school safety; mental health and wellness supports), and environment (diversity, equity, and inclusion; instructional environment; physical environment; and behavior supports). The brief offers ways for leaders to measure school climate and presents questions to ask when supporting school climate improvement efforts.