This report from the Learning Policy Institute focuses on the learning loss students experience as a result of disciplinary action centered on out-of-school suspensions and other approaches that remove students from the classroom. The stark disparities in lost instruction described raise the question of how the achievement gap can be closed without closing the discipline gap. The achievement gap is exacerbated by current disciplinary standards as schools continue to rely on out-of-school time as a response to misconduct. As long as students are not able to access meaningful, equitable learning opportunities, the achievement gap will remain, and inequities will persist. This report offers local, state, and federal policy recommendations designed to mitigate learning loss caused by out-of-school suspensions, school policing, referrals to law enforcement, and school-related arrests. The goals of the recommendations are to reduce the harm experienced by the groups that are most often suspended by reducing both the use and the duration of suspensions and to prioritize efforts that help prevent misconduct.