This research brief, published by EdTrust–Massachusetts, examines the disparities of access to high-quality math curricula and well-prepared math teachers. Drawing on 2024 data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) 8th-grade math assessments, it documents the nationwide decline in math proficiency. The report explores the potential factors leading to this decline, such as school districts’ limited access to high-quality math curricula, unequal access across grade levels, shortages of qualified math teachers, and gaps in math teacher preparation. It concludes with recommendations for practice and policy for state and district leaders. The report emphasizes the need for state leaders to build greater infrastructure for math teacher preparation through sustainable cross-district learning networks and dedicated statewide funding. It also recommends that district leaders prioritize the implementation and evaluation of high-quality math curricula.